Miscellaneous math symbols in LaTeX
In math mode, \infty gives ∞, \emptyset (or \varnothing) gives the empty set, \forall gives ∀ and \exists gives ∃; \ldots and \cdots give low and centred dots.
Common symbols
These symbols have no spacing of their own: they behave like a letter.
Infinity, quantifiers and the empty set
For all $\varepsilon > 0$ there exists $N$ with $\lvert a_n \rvert < \varepsilon$
for all $n \ge N$, written $\forall n \ge N$. The limit is $\infty$, the empty set
is $\emptyset$ or $\varnothing$, and $\nabla f$ is the gradient. A right angle is $90^\circ$.
Dots
\ldots puts the dots on the baseline, for lists such as a₁, …, aₙ. \cdots centres them, for sums and products. \vdots and \ddots are vertical and diagonal dots for matrices. In LaTeX with amsmath, \dots picks the low or the centred form from what follows it; Scissor LaTeX always sets \dots low, so write \cdots between operators (or \dotsb, which is centred here too).
Four kinds of dots
a_1, \ldots, a_n \qquad a_1 + \cdots + a_n \qquad
\begin{pmatrix} 1 & \cdots & 44 \\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & \cdots & 1 \end{pmatrix}All other symbols
Click a copy button to copy the command.
\larr
\rarr
\lrarr
\rArr
\lrArr\Rarr\Lrarr
\implies
\impliedby
\infty
\angle
\measuredangle
\sphericalangle
\checkmark
\dots
\cdots\ldots
\vdots
\ddots\dotsb\dotsc\dotsi\dotsm\dotso
\prime
\backprime
\gtreqless
\lesseqgtr
\empty\emptyset\varnothing\o\O
\osplash
\And
\complement
\notni
\Subset
\Supset
\partial
\nabla
\forall
\exist\exists
\nexists
\top
\bot
\neg\lnot
\blacksquare
\pounds
\clubsuit
\spadesuit
\triangle
\triangledown
\vartriangle
\square
\Diamond\diamonds\diamondsuit
\lozenge
\blacklozenge
\bigstar
\hbar\hslash
\Re
\Im
\AA\aa
\Box
\N\natnums
\natural
\P
\Q
\R
\Z
\S\sect
\AE
\ae
\alef\alefsym
\arctg
\ch
\colon
\cth
\Dagger
\sharp
\flat
\i
\j\imath\jmath
\smallsmile
\ss
\surd
\tg
\th
\weierp\wp
\Doteq
\approxcolon
\approxcoloncolon
\backepsilon
\blacktriangle
\blacktriangledown
\blacktriangleleft
\blacktriangleright
\circledR
\circledS\clubs
\cnums
\Colonapprox
\colonapprox
\coloncolon\coloncolonapprox
\coloncolonequals
\coloncolonminus
\coloncolonsim\Coloneq
\colonequals\Coloneqq
\colonminus\Colonsim
\colonsim\Complex
\copyright
\ctg\dbcolon
\degree
\digamma
\diagdown
\diagup
\eqcirc
\Eqcolon
\Eqqcolon
\equalscolon\equalscoloncolon
\eth
\Finv
\Game
\gggtr\Harr\hArr\harr
\hearts\heartsuit\image
\imageof\infin
\lBrace
\ldotp
\lesseqqgtr
\llless
\lq
\maltese\mathellipsis\mathsterling
\mho
\minuscolon\minuscoloncolon
\minuso
\newline
\OE
\oe
\origof\ratio
\rBrace\real\Reals\reals\rq
\simcolon
\simcoloncolon\spades
\sub
\sube
\supe
\textasciitilde
\textasciicircum
\textbackslash
\textbar
\textbardbl
\textbraceleft
\textbraceright
\textdagger\textdaggerdbl\textdegree
\textdollarsign\textellipsis
\textemdash
\textendash
\textgreater
\textless
\textquotedblleft
\textquotedblright\textquoteleft
\textquoteright\textregistered\textsterling
\textunderscore
\thetasym
\varsubsetneq
\varsubsetneqq
\varsupsetneq
\varsupsetneqq\vcentcolon
\yen
\arcctg\begingroup
\cosec
\cotg
\injlim
The Hebrew letters, often used for cardinal numbers such as ℵ₀:
\aleph
\daleth
\beth
\gimel
Partial derivatives and Planck's constant
\partial, \hbar, \hslash and \mho work as commands; in earlier versions they stopped the whole document. \iddots and \Bbbk are not known: the formula is shown in red and named in the Problems tab.
\partial and \hbar
\frac{\partial f}{\partial x} \qquad E = \hbar\omegaSee when the document does not typeset for what was fixed.
Related pages
- Greek letters, relations and arrows.
- Most of these symbols come from amssymb; its symbol list is in the amsfonts documentation on CTAN.
Questions and answers
How do I write the degree symbol in LaTeX?
In math, ^\circ gives a raised circle: $90^\circ$. \degree also works in Scissor LaTeX; in a TeX installation it needs the gensymb package.
What is the difference between \emptyset and \varnothing?
Both are the empty set. In a TeX installation, \emptyset is an oval zero with a stroke and \varnothing (from amssymb) a round circle with a stroke. Scissor LaTeX currently draws both with the same symbol, ∅.
How do I write a partial derivative in Scissor LaTeX?
With \partial, as in LaTeX: \frac{\partial f}{\partial x}. A typed ∂ works too.
Every example on this page is typeset by Scissor LaTeX when the site is built. Last updated 2026-11-06.