等高線、ヒートマップ、カラーマップ

\begin{tikzpicture}
  \begin{axis}[view={0}{90}, colorbar, colormap/viridis,
               xlabel=$x$, ylabel=$y$, enlargelimits=false]
    \addplot3[surf, shader=interp, domain=-2:2, y domain=-2:2, samples=30]
      {exp(-x^2 - y^2) * (1 + x)};
  \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}
  \begin{axis}[view={0}{90}, colorbar, colormap/hot, enlargelimits=false]
    \addplot3[contour filled={number=8}, domain=-3:3, y domain=-3:3, samples=40]
      {exp(-(x-1)^2 - y^2) + 0.7*exp(-(x+1.2)^2 - (y-1)^2)};
  \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}
  \begin{axis}[colorbar, colormap/bluered, enlargelimits=false,
               xtick=data, ytick=data, width=6.5cm, height=6cm]
    \addplot[matrix plot*, mesh/cols=3, point meta=explicit]
      table[meta=v] {
        x y v
        0 0 1
        1 0 4
        2 0 2
        0 1 3
        1 1 9
        2 1 5
        0 2 2
        1 2 6
        2 2 44
      };
  \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}
  \begin{axis}[view={0}{90}, xlabel=$x$, ylabel=$y$]
    \addplot3[contour gnuplot={levels={0.2, 0.5, 0.8}},
              domain=-2:2, y domain=-2:2, samples=30]
      {exp(-x^2 - y^2)};
  \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}
  \begin{axis}[view={0}{90}, enlargelimits=false,
               colormap={sea}{rgb255=(255,255,255) rgb255=(120,180,220) rgb255=(10,40,100)},
               colorbar horizontal, width=7cm, height=6cm]
    \addplot3[surf, shader=flat, domain=0:2, y domain=0:2, samples=12] {x*y};
  \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}
  \begin{axis}[width=6cm, height=5cm]
    \addplot3[surf, domain=-2:2, y domain=-2:2] {x^2 - y^2};
  \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}